Psychology Is The Scientific Study Of Psychology - 1383 Words

Psychology is defined as the scientific study of behavior of the mind. There are two things that are implied by this definition. The first that is implied is that psychology is a science. Therefore, it is able to be physically studied through measures of observation and experimentation with humans as well as animal behavior. Secondly, psychology is the study of the mind. This is including the conscious and unconscious mental states that are unable to be physically seen but can be observed. This modern-day definition of psychology brings attention to the history of psychology since it was recognized as a science in the 19th century. The term â€Å"psychology† has been around for many centuries and is derived from two Greek words: psyche which†¦show more content†¦This theory plays an important role in the development of psychology. The id is guided by the seeking of pleasure. The ego is what changes the thoughts of the id into socially acceptable behaviors. The final d ifferentiation is the incorporation of whether or not the behavior is to be put into action is the superego. This development was important to psychology of personality because Freud provided the reasoning of everything related to everything that he had the tendency to do (Sanford, 1958). This movement was also seen as a religious movement in which the philosophy became increasingly rigid and systemized in response to an attack from outside of the body (Sanford, 1958). This provided a basis of why people portray the personalities they do in social situations. After receiving his doctorate in psychology in 1931, B.F. Skinner developed a research that focused on operant conditioning. Operant behaviors were defined by their impact on the environment rather than by their form (Frost Bondy, 2006). There were three parts of operant conditioning that he coined: neutral operants, reinforcers, and punishers (McLeod, 2007). Skinner investigated operant behavior by using rats in pressing a b ar when rewarded with food (Brennan, 2003). Skinner used behavior modification as a technique that was changed the environment’s events depending on the person’s behavior. Skinner’s ideology was important to the development in psychology because

China Essay - 1268 Words

China Even since the dramatic post-1949 changes in China regarding the role of women, China has remained paternalistic in its attitudes and social reality. The land reform, which was intended to create a more balanced economic force in marriage, was the beginning of governmental efforts to pacify women, with no real social effect. Communist China needed to address the woman question. Since women wanted more equality, and equality is doled out from the hands of those in power,capitalism was examined. The economic issues of repressed Chinese women were focused on the Land Act and the Marriage Act of 1950. The Land reform succeeded in eliminating the extended familys material basis and hence, its potential for posing as a†¦show more content†¦Women did succeed in gaining materialisticly. However, culture dictates whether these governmental attempts can be successful and China has proven that they were only panaceas for the real issue. Materialistic approaches could not shadow the issue of the view in Chinese society of the role of women. In the struggle for equality, China did not go to the women to find what they believed to be the most effective answer to the issue. The paternalistic powers gave women what they thought they needed for an equalizer, not understanding the need for self-affirmation and independence. The issue the women rallied under was that men were answering the woman question. Womens organizations were not allowed their voice, which became an ironic and frustrating endorsement to the pathetic state of women in China. The One-Family, One-Child policy launched in 1979 has turned reproduction into an area of direct state intervention. The new regime under Deng made the neo-Malthusian observation that the economic gains from reform were barely sufficient to accommodate a population of one billion, given the natural population growth rate of 1.26 percent, much less provide a base for advanced industrial development. The One-Family, One-Child campaigns have therefore targeted women to limit their childbearing as a patriotic duty. The family planning policy is implemented by local units of the W.F., barefoot doctors and health workers who areShow MoreRelatedThe Between China And China980 Words   |  4 Pagesfairness and impartiality in the justice system, which along with its capitalist economy, further differentiated itself from China. This concept of â€Å"one country, two systems† is an important element of Hong Kong governance, and by extension, its people. This represents a time when Hong Kong is slowly pulling its influence away from China. Due to its insulation from China that ran a communist government, Hong Kong was able to flourish as an international financial center under a free market economyRead MoreChina s Impact On China1181 Words   |  5 Pagesmany decades, China has always been technologically and economically ahead of Europe. The invention of gunpowder, printing, and the compass started in China and was later dispersed throughout Europe. These inventions changed China as much as they changed Europe. These inventions also caused a gap between China and Europe. By the late eighteenth century, industrial revolution first started its spread from Europe.The transformations within Europe began to further accelerate while China was falling behindRead MoreChina677 Words   |  3 PagesSui Dynasty (589 – 618 CE) was a short lived Imperial Chinese dynasty, preceded by the Southern and Northern Dynasties. It unified China for the first time after nearly four centuries of north-south division. It was followe d by the Tang Dynasty. Founded by Emperor Wen of Sui, the capital was Chang’an. His reign saw the reunification of Southern and Northern China and the construction of the Grand Canal, connecting the Yellow and Yangtze River for easy trading. The canal was used to carry riceRead MoreRural Life Of China And China1122 Words   |  5 PagesMaria Elena Granera Ms. Lopez AP Economics 7 November 2014 Rural Life in China â€Å"In China’s rural hinterland, where half the nation’s 1.3 billion people live, incomes are, on average, less than a third of those in cities† (The New York Times). Economically, rural China depends mainly on agriculture, but socially, sex inequality and diseases prevail in this part of the country. Villages, mostly populated by the country’s ocean of elders, are getting poorer while the cities are getting richer evenRead MoreMoney Frauds : China And China994 Words   |  4 PagesAgainst Money Frauds China is one of the countries that have the highest yearly rate of frauds. Although the China governments have uploaded many promotional videos on preventing the crooks, but can we really get away from the fraud base on those videos? The risk of fraudulent activity is increases every year in China. The China government should establish a special department to help people to prevent from the money frauds, because frauds are the problem that affects people a lot and also becauseRead MoreThe Guanxi Between China And China1741 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The Guanxi phenomena is exclusive to China and is very apparent in everyday life, it can be used in the personal dealings or at the business level. Guanxi concept is not completely alien to the rest of the world, it is apparent in a slightly different, more modest form. Most of people would be aware of bribery (it is an act of giving money or gifts that alters the behavior of the recipient), which would be someway linked to guanxi concept. The main difference is that bribery recognisedRead MoreChina s Rural Crisis : China1403 Words   |  6 Pagesexternal pressures that caused the eventual collapse of Qing society. Foreign imperialism highlighted China’s backwardness to its own citizens and, and also heightened the already existing conflicts within China itself. It directly challenged the cultural nexus of power, which held China together for hundreds of years. This system combined the imperial examination system, standard marketing community, language of lineage, and popular religions to promote the cultural form of governance. TheseRead MoreTrade Imbalance Between China And China1365 Words   |  6 Pagesnations in the eastern hemisphere. China was one of those nations. China was a nation known for isolating itself from outside influen ce, especially from the Europeans. Soon the Europeans began to grow jealous of China s bounty of enticing goods and resources such as porcelain, tea and silk. China on the other hand did not have any need for European goods. In pursuit to put a halt to the trade imbalance between the two nations, Britain started to smuggle opium into China. The reason behind this was becauseRead MoreTrade Imbalance Between China And China1674 Words   |  7 Pagesporcelain were much desired by European and had a huge demand in the Western market. In England, tea was the most desired Chinese good and trade in tea was very lucrative. However, this created a trade imbalance because Western goods had no market in China. China was a self-sustaining country and that make it harder for Western merchant to trade with them. Apart from that, the merchants had a hard time getting into Chinese market and had to deal through Chinese middlemen in Canton. At this point, the BritishRead MorePoverty in China1079 Wo rds   |  5 Pages12/3/14 Poverty in China FRIDAY October seventeenth was Chinas first official â€Å"Poverty Alleviation Day†, a yearly assembly of discussions and pledge drives, intended to rally deliberations to battle hardship. Obviously, because of Chinas quick financial advancement, the nation as of now assuages a great deal of destitution every day: a year ago the quantity of rustic poor fell by 16.5m or in excess of 45,000 individuals every day. However that still left 82.49m individuals stuck in country

Just Listen free essay sample

Just Listen (2006) is a novel written by teen-author Sarah Dessen. It is her seventh published novel. Plot summary Annabel Greene is a girl who has it all at least, thats how it seems on TV commercials. Annabels life is far from perfect. Though, some thought that Annabel had everything people often forgot that what she wanted most was to live a normal life. Her friendship with the cruel, dramatic Sophie ended on a night she cant bear to remember; her sister Whitney moves back home because of her eating disorder, making her moody and distant, she wants to quit modeling, but cant bear to tell her mom, and she is now an outsider at her school. Then, she meets Owen Armstrong, a boy who has anger management problems and is obsessed with music. He always tells the truth no matter what, and Annabel starts developing a close bond with him, even though they are nothing alike. With his help, Annabel may start facing her fears and more importantly, speaking the truth. This story has a strong moral message and changes all the characters in some way. Characters Annabel Greene: The main character of the novel and the youngest of three sisters. Annabel used to be popular, but was almost raped by Will Cash, and her so-called best friend, Sophie, thought she was sleeping with him. As a result, she loses all of her friends and becomes a loner. She is a model, but wants to quit. Annabel has a hard time telling her mother, as she hates any confrontation of any kind. She has a habit of not telling the truth so she can try to spare peoples feelings. She meets Owen Armstrong, and develops a close bond with him. She lets him in, which she doesnt do with any other person. The pair dont speak to one another for months after a misunderstanding. Only when Emily comes to talk to Annabel about Will sexually assaulting her and speaking at a trial to have him convicted does she confront Owen after his radio show one Sunday morning. She confesses whats happened in her life since that party, and lets him convince her to testify at the trial and starts a relationship with him after they share a kiss after the trial. Owen Armstrong: A music obsessed, broody boy, who is a loner. He also has a little and very annoying sister, Mallory, who is obsessed with Annabel Greene. He had anger problems in the past which caused him to go to Anger Management classes. He meets and develops a close bond with Annabel Greene, whom he falls in love with. Along the way, he teaches her what is important, and to speak the truth. He also has his own radio show named, incidentally, Anger Management that airs every Sunday morning at seven. Once he discovers what Will did to Annabel he goes to see him where a band he knew he liked was playing just to look at him but ends up punching him instead giving him a black eye. Owen in the end of the novel, starts a relationship with her after explaining why he missed the trial and shares a kiss with her. Sophie: A cruel girl, who was Annabels best friend for four years. Originally, she was dead-set on being friends with Kirsten, but that didnt exactly work out, so she settled for Annabel, figuring shed have someone to boss around. Annabel chooses Sophies friendship over Clarkes, who was her best friend prior to Sophies arrival. Sophie was shown to be bossy, rude, and cruel to people, especially Annabel. She stops being friends with Annabel after thinking she slept with her boyfriend, Will. At the end of the novel, she ends up alone, with no friends and no boyfriend. Whitney Greene: Annabel and Kirstens middle sister, who is said to be beautiful, and was also a model. Whitney develops anorexia, weighing down the whole family. She becomes moody and distant, but starts redeeming herself at the end of the novel, thanks to her psychiatrist, Moira. Kirsten Greene: Annabel and Whitneys oldest sister, Kirsten used to be a model, but quit. She was very rebellious during her teenage years. She and Whitney stop talking to each other, though. Kirsten goes to college and enjoys her classes. She is cheery and bubbly, and has a habit of over-talking, but as the novel reaches its end, the reader finds that Kirsten has learned that listening is just as important as being heard, if not more. Emily: A girl who Annabel met at a last calendar shoot for Lakeview Models. She later abandons Annabel to be friends with Sophie instead, after Annabel becomes a loner. She almost gets raped by Will Cash, and, like Annabel, this ends her friendship with Sophie. However, unlike Annabel, she tells authorities about Will, and gets Will arrested for doing a second-degree rape. Clarke: A girl who used to be Annabels best friend, but it ended one night when Annabel chose Sophie over her, later regretting her decision. Annabel thought Clarke hated her, when in reality, she thought Annabel hated her. It appears as though she and Rolly are dating since Annabel vaguely introduced them at Bendos while waiting for the Truth Squad to come onto stage. They repair their friendship at the end of the book. Will Cash: Sophies boyfriend who second-degree raped Annabel, Emily, and other unknown girls. Will is arrested after Emily reports him and he winds up in jail. Owen punched him towards the end of the novel for what he did to Annabel after acting like he didnt even care about what hed done. Mallory Armstrong: Owens hyper, pop music loving little sister, adores Annabel because of her modeling abilities and in general. Rolly: Owens best friend and Owens radio show assistant. Later, he becomes Clarkes boyfriend. Grace: Annabels mom. She enjoys Annabels modeling, and is clinging on to that part of Annabels life. Her other daughters, Whitney and Kirsten, had already quit modeling, so Annabel was all she had left. She was heart broken when she quit at the end of the novel, but she realized her daughter was growing up, and she could make her own decisions.

Last Summer free essay sample

Thetrue meaning of life is to plant trees under whose shade you do not expect tosit N. Henderson On a stifling day last summer I sat underthe shady branches of a large mesquite tree in a village in Guanajuato, Mexico,eating popsicles with nine-year-old Mariana. I looked at the people and thesaplings we had just planted, and, at that moment, many pieces of my life cametogether. I felt fulfilled and focused. I was born in Toluca, Mexico andhave returned regularly to visit family and friends. I have seen poverty (in myextended family) in Mexico as well as here in the United States, making me awareof vast inequalities. My father was born into a poor family in Mexico City, andwas the first in his family to go to college. I was raised in the U.S. in amiddle-class family that provided support for my brother and me. My parentsworked hard to move from our apartment into our own condominium. We will write a custom essay sample on Last Summer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I feelespecially responsible as one who has grown up in two cultures to promote theadvancement of minorities and greater equality among people. Sophomoreyear I volunteered at a center in Boston for inner-city youth from Somalia. Thechildren complained about their teachers, who seemed to give them homeworkwithout sufficient explanation, and they had few resources. Why, I wondered, isevery room at my high school equipped with new televisions and computers, whilesome kids just a few miles away can only dream of such resources? InMexico, a classroom like mine is an even more distant dream. I have discussedthis dilemma in a group called Students of Color, and read relevant books, likeJonathan Kozols Death At An Early Age. Talking and reading only does so much,however, and I decided I wanted to take action. In my junior year manythings came together with my involvement in the Amigos De Las Americas program,which sends high-school students to Latin American countries to do public healthvolunteer work. To finance my trip, I raised almost $4,000 selling fruit andcollecting donations. I had to balance demanding courses with weekly Amigostraining and fund-raising, Samaritans, a part-time job, a social and family life,and even an occasional DJ gig. Only later would I understand how worthwhile thisinvestment of time and energy had been. In the village of San Gabriel Ilived with a family of seven and was considered un hijo (son) by my host mother.I worked, laughed, ate and even cried with members of the community. We paintedbuildings, built latrines and stoves, planted trees, and, most important, builtlasting relationships. I felt grateful for my Mexican identity, which helped mebe accepted. Toward the end of our stay, my two partners and I gatheredabout 60 people to plant trees around the town clinic on one of the summershottest afternoons. Everyone even older women and children came and workedenthusiastically for hours removing stumps, digging holes and planting trees. Ourhands worked in unison and we accomplished our goal. At the end of theday, tired and sweaty but smiling, I sat under a tree with Mariana. I knew Iwould probably not sit under the shade of the trees we had just planted, but thatdid not matter. Someone planted this tree for the villagers and me, and I will goon to plant many trees for others.

Ruth Benedict & Margaret Mead Essays - Cultural Anthropologists

Ruth Benedict & Margaret Mead Ruth Benedict & Margaret Mead After high school, Ruth Benedict took a year off to travel overseas. Upon returning home she was unsure of what she wanted to do with her life. Years later, she married Stanley Benedict, a Biochemistry Professor at Cornell Medical School. In the fall of 1919, Ruth went back to school and began to focus more on anthropology. She studied under the famous diffusionist Franz Boas and became his assistant. Ruth taught Margaret Mead. Ruth and Margaret became good friends and developed a shared need of each other. Ruth concentrated most of her efforts on researching and studying different cultures on which many of her writings were based. She wrote of the differences between the cultures around the world and talked about different patterns related to culture and behavior. Ruth was very talented in summarizing and clearly arranging facts which were characteristic of her writings and ultimately her approach to anthropology; this, perhaps, may be the reason many of her reviews were published in professional papers and magazines throughout her career. Ruth Benedict was a very important figure in early anthropology and even more so in cultural anthropology. She was one of the first female anthropologists of her time. Her books serve as a referral of humanistic thought in the 20th century. Ruth Benedict has helped shape the discipline of anthropology not only in the United States, but also for the rest of the world. After a year at Depauw University at Greencastle, Indiana, Margaret Mead, entered Barnard College, Columbia University. It was here that she decided to make anthropology her major. She later received her B.A. degree. She also got her M.A. degree in psychology. In 1929, she received her Ph.D. Dr. Margaret Mead is a specialist in what she herself describes as ?conditioning of the social personalities of both sexes.? She had several field trips. First, she was in the Samoan Islands and than the Manus tribe of the Admiralty Islands in the West Pacific Ocean. In 1930, Dr. Mead went to study an American Indian Tribe the identity that is hidden by the name of ?the Antlers? in her book noting her findings and conclusions. Between 1931 and 1933, Dr. Mead went in the New Guinea area to do research on three contrasted tribes, the Arapesh, the Mundugumor, and the Tchumbuli. For three years, starting in 1936, Dr. Mead was busy on fieldwork in Bali and New Guinea. She has always found her profession so different that she has not felt the need for a hobby; she reportedly enjoys the theater and reads good poetry.

10 Worst Reasons to Quit Your Job

10 Worst Reasons to Quit Your Job We’ve all been there: so fed up it seems the only option is to quit and start afresh. But situations like that call for very careful consideration. If your reasons for the grand gesture happen to include any of the following, it might be best to reconsider. Here are the 10 worst reasons to quit your job:1. You’re boredYour job involves a lot of repetition. You feel like Sisyphus rolling his boulder up and down his little hill. But any job- no matter how glamorous- involves doing something over and over again until you get better and better at it. Remember every job will involve some level of repetition. Ask yourself whether your work is challenging or ultimately satisfying, rather than whether it’s repetitive.2. You feel under-appreciatedYou know you’re awesome. So why is no one tooting your horn? Where are your accolades? Recognition isn’t something that happens overnight- and it certainly can’t accompany every little good thing that you do. Get over yourself; keep working until you have something really worth celebrating.3. You’re still not rich and famousMost people will never reach that level. It’s not a great reason to quit your job. Perhaps you could do a bit of financial stock-taking and strategizing instead to see how you can maximize your time and talents? But quitting because you’re not raking in the dough? Bad call. You have to work to earn that money, you know.4. You’re dauntedYou can see success. But it’s an uphill slog and about 5  to 10  years in the future. Just thinking about it makes you tired. But remember: if you quit, you’ll be that many years and that much hard work behind plus the time and work it takes to get a new job. Better to put your head down and get started.5. You’re not sure it’s worth itYou’re weighing all the compromises and hard work against the possible eventual reward. That’s actually smart. Just make sure you run this by an objective third party whom you trust enough to tell you the hard truth and help set you (or keep you) on the proper path.6. It’s not about youA little soul searching is in order here. Make sure you’re not quitting for your partner or a parent- or worse, because you want to rebel against someone. Listen to the voice in your head about whether this job is on the right track to who and where you want to be in five years. If it is, stay put and do the work.7. Your inner jerk tells you what to doThat meanie  in your head is whispering to you that it isn’t worth it- that you aren’t good enough. That you might as well not try. Your job sucks and you suck, right? Wrong. Tell that voice to shut up.8. You don’t feel importantThis is like a little kid deciding to run away because he doesn’t think anybody would miss him if he left. It’s emotionally immature and unprofessional. Instead: start distinguishing yourself in such a way that you never feel this kind of self-pity. Make yourself indispensable to your company and your coworkers.9. You covet your neighbor’s careerYou’re not as successful as the billionaires you read about in Forbes. Or your next door neighbor. Or your high school boyfriend. Stop spending so much time comparing yourself to the next guy and do your work instead. You’ll stand a better chance of actually succeeding if you devote yourself to what you’re doing.10. You don’t know enoughMissing a crucial certification or skill that you think your field requires? That’s not a reason to quit! It’s a reason to go out and earn that last scout badge. Go out and finish whatever education you need in your free time- you might even be able to get your company to pay for your training process. If you don’t know something, learn!There are lots of great reasons to quit. But these 10  are actually warning flags that the problem is with you, not wit h your job. Don’t stress. Just get back to work.

Capital Punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Capital Punishment - Essay Example Whatever the reasons they put forward for their proposal, on very few instances will you have individual to be hanged thought of as a human being like any other. Many people actually think of him as an object (Moore 3). Very few people think of the individual as having a conscious. It is this aspect of the individual to be hanged that George Orwell brings to our attention, in his story, â€Å"A hanging†. The story details the last moments of a small Indian man just about to be taken to the gallows. His hands bound tightly to his body and guarded by strong warders who guide him gently to his death there are three interruptions of episodes that take place, which pique the interest of the writer as to the conscious nature of the prisoner. At the beginning, a dog rushes to him and jumps to lick his face. The individual also side steps a puddle on his path as he is led to the gallows while the third instance happens as he has the hangman’s noose around his neck. He calls out to his god with the words â€Å"ram, ram, ram†. However as all these things go on, the wardens and the other prisoners go on their business as if there is nothing absurd about it. In fact, later on they seem to be celebrating the life just terminated. The fact that they do not seem to think that the same fate will befall them is ironical more so after they are seen to be laughing and in a jovial mood a short moment after the Hindu has been hanged. George Orwell connects the reader with the man just about to be hung and strikes the mind of the reader to think more of him (Orwell 2). He makes us realize that the man is not just another object but rather a living human being whose body processes are taking place like in any other person. It is a call to rethink the capital sentence. II) Body Interruptions before the hanging: 1) The dog This comes as the first interruption to the hanging of the Indian man. It is as they lead the man to the gallows that a dog appeared in the pris on’s yard. It hounded around the procession or the group and in the words of the writer â€Å"wild with glee at finding so man human being together†. Everyone is surprised when it suddenly dashed to the small Indian prisoner and â€Å"jumping up tried to lick his face†. The inclusion of the dog in the story is of great significance to the theme of the whole story. It goes on to prance at the prisoner just about to be hung and wanting to lick his face. The fact that it does not discriminate the prisoner from the wardens goes on to affirm the thought that the Indian man is like any other living being. 2) The puddle The second episode even sinks the perception of hanging as evil even more. It involves a puddle that lay on the path to the gallows. The man would have been expected to not to care about the puddle and just walk through it instead since he was just about to be hung anyway. However, what happens proves one incredible truth. Orwell states that â€Å"in s pite of the men who gripped him by each shoulder, he stepped slightly aside to avoid a puddle on the path†. This episode opens the eyes of the writer as to the meaning of destroying a conscious and healthy man. It goes on to show the inappropriate nature and the mystery surrounding the termination of the life just when it was â€Å"in full tide†. The fact that the man was conscious jerked the mind of the writer (and consequently the reader) as to the fact that he was alive the same way that they were alive.